Samuel macauley jackson, D. D., LL. D
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THE NEW SCHAFF HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE Editor in Chief SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D. Editor in Chitf of Supplementary Volumes LEFFERTS A. LOETSCHER, Ph.D., D.D. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF CHURCH HISTORY PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BAKER BOOK HOUSE GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN THE NEW SCHAFF HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE EDITED BY SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D. (Editor in Chief ) WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF CHARLES COLEBROOK SHERMAN [VOLUMES I VI] AND GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A. (Associate Editors) AND THE FOLLOWING DEPARTMENT EDITORS CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH, D.D. (Department of Systematic Theology) HENRY RING CARROLL, LL.D. (Department of Dlinor Denominations) JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D. (Department of Liturgics and Religious Orders) JAMES FREDERIC 11IcCURDY, PH.D., LL.D. (Department of the Old Testament) HENRY SYLVESTER NASH, D.D. (Department of the New Testament) ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., LL.D. (Department of Church History) FRANK HORACE VIZETELLY, F.S.A. (Department of Pronunciation and Typography) VOLUME VI INNOCENTS LIUDGER BAKER BOOK HOUSE GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 1953 EXCLUSIVE AMERICAN PUBLICATION RIGHTS SECURED BY BAKER BOOK HOUSE FROM FUNK AND WAGNALLS PHOTOLITHOPRINT£D BY CUSHING _ MALLOY, WC. ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, UNITED STATES OF AMER, GA 1953 EDITORS SAMUEL BIACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D. (EDITOR IN CHIEF.) Professor of Church History, New York University. ASSOCIATE EDITORS CHARLES COLEBROOK SHERMAN ~ GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A. Editor in Biblical Criticism and Theology on "The New New York, Formerly Professor of Biblical History and International Encyclopedia," New York. Lecturer on Comparative Religion, Bangor Theological Seminary. DEPARTMENT EDITORS, VOLUME VI CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH, D.D. (Department of Systematic Theology.) Professor of Systematic Theology, Chicago Theological Seminary. HENRY BINGE CARROLL, LL.D. (Department of Minor Denominations.) Secretary of Executive Committee of the Western Section for the Fourth Ecumenical Methodist Conference. JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D. (Department of Liturgics and Religious Orders.) President of St. Joseph's Seminary, Yonkers, N. Y. JAMES FREDERICK BZeCURDY, Ph.D., LL.D. (Department of the Old Testament.) Professor of Oriental Languages, University College, Toronto. HENRY SYLVESTER NASH, D.D. (Department of the New Testament.) Professor of the Literature and Interpretation of the New Testament, Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass. ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., LL.D. (Department of Church History.) Professor of Church History, Baylor Theological Seminary (Baylor University), Waco, Tea. FRANK HORACE VIZETELLY, F.B.A. (Department of Pronunciation and Typography.) Managing Editor of the STANDARD DICTIONARY, etc., New York City. CONTRIBUTORS AND COLLABORATORS, VOLUME VI HANG ACHELIB, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Theology. University of Halls. WILHELM ALTMANN, Ph.D., Director of the Deutsche Musiksammlung, Berlin. FRANKLIN CARL ARNOLD, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Church History, University of Breslau. BENJAMIN WISNER BACON, D.D., LL.D., Litt.D., Professor of New Testament Exegesis, Yale Divinity School. FERENCZ B8L0(iH, Professor of Church History, Reformed Theological Aca demy, Debreczin, Hungary. t3E0RCiE JAMES BAYLES, Ph.D., Writer on Civil Church Law. CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH, D.D., Professor of Systematic Theology. Chicago Theological Seminary. JOHANNES BELBHEIM (t), Late Pastor Emeritus, Christiania, Norway. RUDOLF BENDIgEN (t), Late Diaconus in Grimma, Saxony. EARL BENRATH, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Church History, University of KSnigsberg. IMMANUEL GUSTAV ADOLF BENZIN GER, Ph.D., Th.Lic., German Orientalist and Vice Consul for Holland in Jeru salem. CARL BERTHEAU, Th.D., Pastor of St. Michael's, Hamburg. 33BENHARD BESS, Th.Lic., Librarian, University of Halls. EDWIN MUNBELL BLISS, D.D., Author of Books on Missions, Washington, D. C. EMIL BLOESCH (t), Th.D., Late Professor of Theology, Bern. CONTRIBUTORS AND COLLABORATORS, VOLUME VI HEINRICH BOEHMER, Ph.D.,Th.Lic., Professor of Church History, University of Bonn. AMY GASTON CHARLES AUGUSTE BONET MAURY, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Church History, Independent School of Divinity, Paris. GOTTLIEB NATHANAEL BONWETSCH, Th.D., Professor of Church History, University of Gottingen. FRIEDRICH BOSSE, Ph.D., Th.Lic., Auxiliary Librarian, University Library, Marburg. GUSTAV BOSSERT, Ph.D., Th.D., Retired Pastor, Stuttgart. ALBERT BRACKMANN, Ph.D., Professor of History, University of Marburg. FRIEDRICH HEINRICH BRANDES, Th.D., Reformed Minister and Chaplain at Bisckeburg, Schaumburg Lippe. EDUARD BRAT$E (t), Ph.D, Th.D., Late Professor of Church History, University of Breslau. FRANTS PEDER WILLIAM BUHL, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Oriental Languages, University of Copenhagen. EARL BURGER (t), Th.D., Late Supreme Consistorlal Councilor, Munich. KARL VON BURG (t), Th.D., Late Supreme Councilor in Stuttgart. HEINRICH CAL AMINUS, Superintendent at Elberfeld. OTIS CARP, D.D., Professor of Homiletics and Practical Sociology, Doshisha Theological School, Kyoto, Japan. JACQUES EUGENE CHOISy, Th.D., Pastor in Geneva. PAUL CHRIST (t), Th.D., Late Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology, University of Zurich. EMILIO COMBA (t), D.D., Late Professor of Historical Theology and Homiletics, Waldensian College, Florence, Italy. HENRY COWAN, D.D., Professor of Church History, University of Aberdeen, Scotland. AUGUST HERMANN CREMER (t), Th.D., Late Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Greifswald. FRIEDRICH WILHELM CUNO (t), Th.Lic., Late Pastor at Eddigehausen, Hanover. THOMAS WITTON DAVIES, Ph.D., D.D., Professor of Semitic Languages. University College of North Wales, Bangor. SAMUEL MARTIN DEUTSCH, Th.D.. Professor of Church History, University of Berlin. ERNST DON DOBSCHVETZ, Th.D., Professor of New Testament Exegesis, University of Strasburg. LEONHARD ERNST DORN, First Preacher at Nbrdlingen, Bavaria. PAUL GOTTFRIED DREWS, Th.D., Professor of Practical Theology, University of Halle. JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D., President of St. Joseph's Seminary, Yonkers, New York. EMIL EGLI (t), Th.D., Late Professor of Church History, University of Zurich. LUDWIG ALFRED ERICHSON (t), Ph.D., Th.D., Late Preacher at St. Thomas', Strasburg, Germany. RUDOLF EUCHEN, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Philosophy, University of Jena. GUSTAV WILHELM FRANK (t), Th.D., Late Professor of Dogmatics, Symbolics, and Christian Ethics, University of Vienna. ALBERT FREYBE (t), Ph.D., Th.D., Emeritus Gymnasial Professor, Parchim, Mecklenburg. ALBERT FREYSTEDT (t), Th.Lic., Late Pastor in Cologne. EMIL ALBERT FRIEDBERG, Th.D., Dr.Jur., Professor of Ecclesiastical, Public, and German Law, Uni versity of Leipsic. I HEINRICH GELZER (t), Ph.D., I Late Professor of Classical Philology and Ancient History, University of Jena. JOHANNES ABRAHAM GERTH VAN WIJS (t), Th.D., Late Reformed Church Clergyman at The Hague, Holland. CHRISTIAN GEYER, Ph.D., First Preacher at St. Sebald's, Nuremberg, Germany. GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A., Former Professor of Biblical History and Lecturer on Comparative Religion, Bangor Theological Seminary. EARL GOEBEL (t), Ph.D., Late Consistorial Councilor in Posen, Prussia. LEOPOLD KARL GOETZ, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Philosophy in the Roman Catholic Theological Faculty, University of Bonn. WALTER GOETZ, Ph.D., Professor of History UniveISlty of Tjjbi(lgen, WILHELM GOETZ, Ph.D., Honorary Professor of Geography, Technical High School, and Professor, Military Academy, Munich. JOHANNES FRIEDRICH GOTTSCHICK (t), Th.D., Late Professor of New Testament Exegesis, Ethics, and Practical Theology, Evangelical Theological Faculty, University of Tiibingen. CASPER RENE GREGORY, Ph.D., Th.D., D.D., LL.D., Dr.Jur., Professor of New Testament Exegesis, University of Leipsic. GEORG GRUETZMACHER, Ph.D., Th.Lic., Extraordinary Professor of Church History, University of Heidelberg. PETER REINHOLD GRUNDEMANN, Ph.D., Th.D., Pastor in Mom, near Belzig, Prussia. CONTRIBUTORS AND COLLABORATORS, VOLUME VI HERMANN (iUTHE, Th.D., Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, University of Leipsic. WILHELM HADORN, Th.Lic., Pastor in Bern and Lecturer on New Testament Exegesis, University of Bern. ELOF HALLER, Gymnasial Professor, Veneraborg, Sweden. ADOLF HARNACK, Ph.D., Th.D., Dr.Jur., N.D., General Director of the Royal Library, Berlin. ALBERT HAUCK, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Church History, University of Leipsic, Editor in Chief of the Hauck Herzog Reaiencyklopadie. HERMAN HAUPT, Ph.D., Professor, and Director of the University Library, Giessen. AUGUST WILHELM HEALER (t), Ph.D., Th.D., Late Professor of Church History, University of Tiibingen. EARL FRIEDB.ICH HEMAN, ~Ph.D., Th.Lic., Professor of Philosophy, University of Basel. LUDWIG THEODOR EDGAR HENNECRE, Ph.D., Th.Lic., Pastor in Betheln, Hanover. HERMANN HERING, Th.D., Professor of Philosophy of, Religion and Homiletics, Uni versity of Halle. PAUL HINBCHIZTB (t), Th.D., Dr.Jur., Late Professor of Ecclesiastical Law, University of Berlin. GEORGE HODGES, D.D., D.C.L., Dean of The Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass. FERDINAND HOERBCHELMANN (t), Th.D., Late Professor of Practical Theology, University of Dorpat. RUDOLF HUGO HOFMANN, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Homiletics and Liturgies, University of Leipsic. Ot3WALD HOLDER EGGFER, Ph.D., Professor at Berlin and Director for the Publication of the MonuOermanue ) gARL ROLL, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Church History, University of Berlin. ERNST IDELER, Pastor at Ahrendorf, near Potsdam. LUDWIG HEINRICH IHMEL6, Th.D., Professor of Dogmatics, University of Leipsic. SIMON ISSLEIB, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, University of Bonn. GEORGE THOMAS JACKSON, M.D., Professor of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Sur geons, Columbia University, New York City. JOSEPH JACOBS, Litt.D., Professor of English Literature and Rhetoric, Jewish Theological Seminary, New York City. ADOLF HERMANN HEINRICH SAMP HAUSEN (t), Th.D., Late Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, University of Bonn. FERDINAND FRIEDRICH WILHELM gATTEN8U8CH, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Dogmatics, University of Have. EMIL FRIEDRICH B.AVTZ8CH, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, University |
