Samuel macauley jackson, D. D., LL. D

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Ordo Sandi Benedid4 "Order of St.

O. S. B.. . . . . . . . Benedict ..

O. T Old Testament

OTJC . See Smith

P Priestly document

L. Pastor, The COMMA'* tPopes It=

Pastor, PMT flee Close of A,a, 8 v=

London,1891 1908

PRA . . . . . . . . . . . J P°hw °wis°ia Anpdioana, ed. J. A. Giles.

84 vole. Iandonf 19388 d8

PEF .... .. . . .. ...Palestine kp1oration Fund

I Pet First Epistle ~ ~of Peter

11 Pet . Seoond, of Peter

B. PlatinaVLives of We Popes boas

Plating, Popes.. Gregory ll. to . . . Paul 1 ., 2

London, n.d.

Pliny, Hiss. net P6ny. Historic natwalis

Potthset, Wep S A. Potthavwd

toeiser ... .... . werkeBerlin, 1898

prov Proverbs

Ps Psalms

P$BA. . . . . Phi

01 Ae society of

s Biblical

uod (w

R . Redaotor

. L. van Ranks, History o1 the Popes.

P°p°'' 8 vole., London, 1908

RDM . ....... Revue dot deux monde@, Paris, 1881 eqq.

RR 8ee Hauok Hersog

Reich, Docu  E. Reich, 3QlectDOCalnente rl

megte . . diavd and Modem History London,1905

RRJ . Rmwe den dludes Juiroes, Yari 1880 pq. W. Re ' . to

Rettbere. RD... j F' 2 M

Rev. .. . . . . . . . . . .BookM Revelation

RHR . ... ... . . . . Room de l kiefoire dot rdipions, Paris,

1880eq q. ~

'E. C. R.ianar~eon, Alphabetical Subject In­dex and Index Bnqclopmdia to Period 

ical Articles on Religion, 1880 88, New

York, 1907.

A. L. liichterR Ldxbuds der kathdischen and em~pe~fICk61t Kifa. 8th ed. by W. Kohl Leipedo, 1888

RRe (E. Robineo%oX. biblical Reeees in

saarc>rea, sad Palestine , 1841 and Later

Later Re  Biblicaleeeardue in Palestine, 8d ed.

"arches . . . . . . , of the whole, 8 vole.. 1887

Robinson, Burs  J. H. Robinson. Reading# in ~nfepe~n pean Hsttoru. . Xsstorys 2 vole,g~t~, 1901 08

Robineon a a d J. H. Robmeon sad C. A. Beard Daoslop­Beard. Modern meet of Modern Swops. 2 volo.. Boston,

Rurope . 1907

Rom. . . . . . . . . . . Epistle to the Romans

a ecdliastiques, Awes'

R$R . 1880 74, Amiene, 1875 oqq.

RTP... . . . . . . . . R°°a° d° et de pkiloaopkis,

Lausanne, 1878

R. V... .... .... . . .Revised Version (of the English Bible)

am . eaculum. " century "

I Sam .... . . ... . . .I Samuel

II Sam . . . . . .II Samuel

38A . . . . . . . . . . 3 p Berliner Akademie,

Berlin, 1882

F. Maz MOller and others, The Sacred

3BR ......... ,coke o We Rant, Oxford, 1879 pQ.,

Vol. :lvi., 1904

Sacred Books the Old Twtame:^.t (" Raia•

380T . . . . . . bow pmo, London, and


Behalf. Chridian P. Schaff, Xiefory of the Chridian Church, Chua rA . . . . . . . Vale. i. iv., vi., vii., New York,18892,

vol. v., pert 1, by D. S. Schaff, 1907

Sohs¢, Creole P. Schaff The Creeds 188 vole. kew York, of ~hrirtendora,

7784

E. Schrader Cuneiform Inscriptions and

Schrader, COT. . ~Fufament, 2 vole., Loon,

1895 0

Schrader, %d T .

Schrader. $B. . .

Riohsrdaon Rn­


cydopaedria...'

Richter, RinMw,

recAt .........

Scherer.

(iesdichte. . ...

E. Schrader. Die Reilinsdsijtan and doe Alts Testament, 2 vole.. Berlin 1902 08

E. 8ohrader, %slinerhrittliche 11ibiiotkak, 8 vole.. Ber' 1889 1901

'E. Scherer, Geschichis des jQdiaehen Vdket ins ZeiWltrrJsau Christi. 4th ad.. 8 vole. Leipma 190.; Ena. trend., b vole.. New York, 12r

$aipt . 3aiptoree, writers

Scrivener, F. H. A. Scrivener. In6rodsktion foNess Tse­


rnbrodudiors . . foment Criticism. 4th ad., London, 1894

Bow . 3enterdiar " Sentences "

B. J. . . . . . . . . . .8ociefas .tees, Society of Jesus "

$Md $ittu der Msndtener Aka­


deasss.oh. 1880 oqq. and

Smith, Kinship. . ~ W.R. ALonndon, 1903Marriagein

Smith, One. .. W• R. Smith, The Old Testmneat to the

Jewish Ck London, 1892

Smith, Prephets.. ~ w. $. Smith, o/ rerod . . to

the R~ London, 1895

Smith. Ref. o/ W. R. th~>piow of the 3emifee,

$em . London. 18%

8. P. C. B. . . Society ledgefor the Promotion of Christian


S. P. G. . . . . . . . . ~° r the p~ Propagation of the Gospel

p . pq and f= Wing

BVorw . 3bRoMOfa. 11 Miscellanies

u

e.v eub voce, or sub verbo

Swete, rntroduo  ~ HS.~B. Swet0. Introduction Ale Old Too­


:::::: ~lio~n ....lament in Greek. 1900

TBS Trinitsrisa Bible Society

Thstoher gad 1O. J. Thatcher sad ~ H. McNeal, A

MoNesl,Hourae~ Source Book for Mediaeval Hisser%

Book . . . . . . . New York, 1906

I Them . . .First ells to the Thessalonians

II These . Seoonde to the Thessalonians

TkT .. . TijdacArift, Amsterdam and pq

Tillemont, M6I L' S. le N887 sin de ~Ti)lemoat, MEmoirse

eal6siaetiques do ris ien

moiree . 18 vole. Paris, 18 1 12

I 15m . . . . . . First ells to Timothy

II Tim::::*.*. .....Seoon~ W Timothy

Tkeolop"ff Jakresbmieke, Leiped0. 1882­


TJB 1887, Feniburg 1888. Brunswick 1889­


1~; 1898 p .

TLS Ta~ Bonn, 1888

TLZ . T ^o. LeiDela

187 p~qs

Tob . Tobit

TQ ~ Thoo°gWis Quarmlsdlrift, TebinBen,

1819eq q.

T$ J. A. Robinson, Texts and Studies,

Gmbridge, 1891 p

T A~rchoisa~.~'of Biuicd

~hsdsssdou~ HHsm­


T$R . . . . . . . . bs,~. 1828 pq.

r Tern, Untersurdunpen sw Oesdaidatr

der allcbiWichm Linaratur, ad. 0. Von

Gebhatdt and A. Harnadc, Leipsi0.

1882 oqq.

1838 40

Ugolini, Thesau  B.~us,~ Theeawue se~ustalons

rve . aaanrum, 84 vole. Venice.44~9

V. T. . . . . . . . 9etw Teafanrmtssm, View Testament, Old

Testament

i W. Wstteabach, Deutadrlagds (JescAichts 

bth ad., 2 vole.. Berlin, 1886;

th e2 . 1898 94

I J. Wellhaueea, Redo ara6iechen Xsidsn­Jung, Berlin, 1887

~J.ueen, Prolegomena sw OesdlidUe

i Inane, 8th ed.. Berlin, 1906, Ena.

traoel., FdinburZh, 1886

Zahn. .binlrei  ' . . ~ Zeitedati~t ~gr. Aasyrio(opie, Leipd0.

1888 88,_ Berlin, 1889 ed4i q. Hew Tetta­


lsap . . . ... . . T' ~ ~inleitsnp in

8d ed.. Lei 1907

r_t_ p~.r . ) T.  OaaAieAfe des neutsbenR

agoru 2 vole.. LeiDei0. 1888 02 Zei4dsrift tar his aluestafnentfirAe Wis.

Zit&k.riftfQrZ= ~saddeaf 


0.187mZDMO Zsi fder nupedikew

~Leuipascike 1847eqq.Zt'~dePbilooDe, Halb,

ZDPY . ZIIR. do doulocken Pal"aa Ver 

sa

ins. pals. 1878 oqq.

Zeah Zeohsrish

Zoph . . . . 7.ephaniah

Wsttenbsoh,

Wellhsm~,

Xeidentuns . . . .

WeVhaueen,

Pmlepoigega...

~Z

published Wdie succeed t

I urt and Goths. 188245

ZRO ~Z°'in for Rirdvsnpsadsiol~ts. Got6q,

1878 oqq.

ZHR . . . . ZRirrAsn"echt' Berlin, T0.

Z~ , 1881 qe, Ikasholischo nar

bruoiy 1877 e9q .

. . . ~ Z°~^ft for katt3siirAe W'us~! wad

kirchlichea Leben, Leipeia i

ZQitadWt for die neutaetamaneLiche Win.

emschaft. Giessen, 1900 oqq.

ZPR zoitschrift

Erlan~ 1888 78

Zeitsolusjt 19r missensekafthdle Thedopil,

ZWT . . Jena, 1868 00, Hall% 1881 87, Lay"

pq.

1888

SYSTEM OF TRANSLITERATION

The following system of transliteration has been used for Hebrew:

_ ' or omitted at the T = Z y =

beginning of a word. n=4 g = p

3_b tD=t p=phorp


Z=bhorb '=y

y=z,

a=g =k =k

a=ghorg 7=khork 1=r

 r=d 5=1 t~=a

=dhord b  m ~j=sh

=h=n n=t

w p s n=thort


The vowels are transcribed by a, e, i, o, u, without attempt to indicate quantity or quality. Arabic and other Semitic languages are transliterated according to the same system as Hebrew. (reek is written with Roman characters, the common equivalents being used.

KEY TO PRONUNCIATION

When the pronunciation is self evident the titles are not respelled; when by mere division and accen­tuation it can be shown sufficiently clearly the titles have been divided into syllables, and the accented

syllables indicated.

a as in sofa a as in not iu as in duration

« <. arm g 1. < < nor c = k ~. « cat

a " " at u " " full' ch " " church

8 " " fare fl " " rule cw = qu as in queen

e « « pen' v " " but dh (th) " " the

« « fate 'D « .~ burn f .< « f cy

i '° " tin ad " ~~ pine g (hard) " " go

f " " machine au " " out H " " loch (Scotch)

o " " obey ei " " oil hw (wh) " " why

u « no iu « o~ few i « a jaw


' In accented syllables only; in unaccented syllables it approximates the sound of a in over. The letter n, with a dot beneath it, indicates the sound of n as in ink. Nasal n (as in French words) is rendered n. I In German and French names a approximates the sound of a in dune.

THE NEW SCHAFF HERZOG

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE