Методические указания по развитию навыков чтения литературы для студентов экономических специальностей мариуполь пгту 2004

TEXT 1

• 
  What is to be produced?How much will be produced?
  
• 
  Who will produce it?
  
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  How much will it cost?
  
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  Who will get it?
  

1. 
   An economic system is the method that society uses to______________________ to satify its needs.
   
2. 
   The marketplace, in essence the invisible hand __________________________________________ .
   
3. 
   What distinguishes one economic system from another is the_______________________________.
   
4. 
   Under capitalism the factors of production are _____________________and economic decisions are made according to__________________________________________________________________.
   
5. 
   In this system economic questions are determined by_______________________________________.
   
6. 
   In pure capitalism consumers demand more product as______________________________.
   
7. 
   _______________________________ producers try to supply and sell, as many products as they can.
   
8. 
   In the marketplace producers and consumers pursue________________________________________.
   
9. 
   In capitalism each person behaves_______________________________________________________.
   
10. 
    The marketplace is regulated by the______________________________________________________.
    
11. 
    If a company_____________________________ or charges too much for the product it is________________________________________________________________________________ .
    

1. 
   What is an economic system?
   
2. 
   What distinguishes en economic system from another one?
   
3. 
   What types of economic system do you know?
   
4. 
   In whose hands are the factors of production in capitalism?
   
5. 
   Who makes economic decisions under capitalism? Does the marketplace have influence on them?
   
6. 
   By what are producers motivated when they supply products to the market?
   
7. 
   If a company produces a defective product or charge to much for the product, will it be sold or rejected by consumers? What do think of it?
   
8. 
   Whose interests do producers and consumers pursue in the market?
   
9. 
   Some economists affirm that the government does not interfere in the economic system. Are they right or wrong? Is it possible under capitalism?
   
10. 
    Are you for against the government’s regulating of economic conduct in Ukraine?
    

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  Government-owned entries such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, which provides power to rural communities;
  
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  Government agencies that regulate the activities of some businesses, as when the Food and Drug Administration prevents a pharmaceutical company from selling a new medicine until tests are made;
  
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  Government involvement in employer-employee relations, for example, setting a minimum wage and initiating programs to create jobs for the employed.
  

1. 
   Mixed capitalism is based on_____________________ with limited government involvement in ________________.
   
2. 
   Government involvement in__________________________________________ helps to create jobs for unemployed.
   
3. 
   Ukrainian government has recently abandoned the principle of the invisible hand in favour of a _________________
   

4. 
   _______________________ the government has two economic tools______________________________________.
   
5. 
   _______________________the government acquires the necessary funds for_______________________________ .
   
6. 
   The money spent for these social services _______________________ for the goods and services_______________ .
   
7. 
   Government agencies________________________________________ of many private businesses.
   
8. 
   The Food and Drug Administration of Ukraine prevents pharmaceutical companies from______________________.
   
9. 
   New medicines can’t be sold if they ____________________________________.
   
10. 
    Only the governments is entitled to_________________________ and initiate programs to____________________.
    

1. 
   Which is the difference between pure and mixed capitalism?
   
2. 
   What is mixed capitalism as an economic system based on?
   
3. 
   In favour of what principle has the government of Ukraine abandoned the principle of the invisible hand?
   
4. 
   Which economic tools does the government have in mixed capitalism?
   
5. 
   How are the necessary funds acquired by the government to provide essential public programs?
   
6. 
   Do the money spent for social services create more or less demand for the goods produced businesses?
   
7. 
   May the Ukrainian government interfere in the activities of private companies now or not?
   
8. 
   Are you a partisan of free market or government regulating of economic conduct in our country or not? Why?
   
9. 
   Which problems does government involvement in employer-employee relations help is settle?
   
10. 
    Who sets a minimum wage and initiates programs to liquidate unemployment in Ukraine?
    

1. 
   Только правительство Украины уполномочено разрабатывать программы по ликвидации безработицы в стране?
   
2. 
   Смешанный капитализм основывается на рыночной экономике и ограниченном вмешательстве правительства в экономическую жизнь.
   
3. 
   Новые лекарства не могут продаваться до тех пор, пока не прошли апробацию.
   
4. 
   Вмешательство правительства в отношения между работодателями и наемными работниками поможет создать рабочие места для безработных.
   
5. 
   Администрация Украины по продовольствию и лекарственным средствам запрещает фармацевтическим компаниям повышать цены на новые препараты.
   
6. 
   Правительство Украины недавно отказалось от принципа «невидимки» в пользу принципа активного вмешательства в деятельность частных компаний.
   
7. 
   Правительственные агентства регулируют деятельность многих частных предприятий.
   
8. 
   При смешанном капитализме у правительства есть два экономических инструмента: право собирать налоги и право их тратить.
   
9. 
   Деньги, потраченные на эти социальные услуги, создают дополнительный спрос на товары и услуги, производимые предприятиями.
   
10. 
    Облагая налогами отдельных лиц, правительство приобретает необходимые средства для обороны, транспорта, образования.
    

1. 
   In Sweeden the government owns_________________________________________________________________
   
2. 
   In communism the government___________________________________________________________________
   
3. 
   Under socialism___________________ is private
   
4. 
   In the former Soviet Union all the economic decisions about_________________________ were made by the government.
   
5. 
   The industries under control of the government include________________________________________________
   
6. 
   ____________________________________ have no influence in this system.
   
7. 
   In modern Ukraine the factors of production are______________________________________________________
   
8. 
   Communism will not change capitalism_____________________________________________________________
   
9. 
   Socialism is an economic subsystem in wich the government controls______________________________________
   
10. 
    Communism will not come through socialism wich is considered as_______________________________________
    

1. 
   What is the communism? How can you define this system in comparison with capitalism?
   
2. 
   Who controls the factors of production under communism?
   
3. 
   What does science refer to the factors of production?
   
4. 
   Who makes economic decisions about production, distribution, and consuption in communism?
   
5. 
   What are the main features of socialism, the first stage of communism?
   
6. 
   Is there private ownership under socialism?
   
7. 
   Who decides what will be produced and who will produce it in the communism?
   
8. 
   What can you say about the socialist experience in the Soviet Union within 1917 – 1991?
   
9. 
   Which are, in your opinion, the main causes of the crisis in the Soviet Union and other countries?
   
10. 
    Who controls the operation and direction of basic industries in modern Ukraine?
    
11. 
    What kind of society is Ukraine building now? What do you think of it?
    

1. 
   Социализм является экономической подсистемой, в которой правительство осуществляет контроль за деятельностью и управлением базовых отраслей.
   
2. 
   В Швеции правительство владеет транспортной сетью, связью, банками и другими базовыми отраслями экономики.
   
3. 
   Социализм рассматривается как первая ступень коммунистической экономической системы.
   
4. 
   В современной Украине факторы производства находятся как в руках государства так и у частных лиц.
   
5. 
   Коммунизм не сменит капитализм автоматически и непосредственно, между ними лежит полоса длительных и принципиально новых изменений.
   
6. 
   Сегодня несколько стран идут по пути социализма, включая самую большую в мире страну – Китай.
   
7. 
   При социализме значительная часть собственности находится в частных руках.
   
8. 
   В бывшем Советском Союзе все экономические решения о производстве, распределении и потреблении товаров принимались правительством.
   
9. 
   Спрос, предложение и конкуренция не оказывают влияния в коммунистической системе.
   
10. 
    Отрасли, находящиеся под контролем правительства Украины, включают железнодорожный и воздушный транспорт, атомные и тепловые электростанции, связь, военную промышленность и некоторые другие производства и услуги.
    

1. 
   There no examples of__________________________________________________________________________
   
2. 
   In our days it is not easy to discover______________________________of the socialist crisis in the Soviet Union.
   
3. 
   The main Armed Forces of the NATO’s countries are grouped_________________________________________.
   
4. 
   The territory of Ukraine_______________________between Poland anr Russia.
   
5. 
   Even the Soviet Union________________________existed.
   
6. 
   Other economies that are called communist have even more____________________________________________.
   
7. 
   Yugoslavia has developed a very interesting______________________________________in the last twenty years.
   
8. 
   In the country production decisions_______________________at the factory rather than by the central government.
   
9. 
   If I make a choice I would prefer an economic system with_______________while my friend is an advocate of the total public ownership.
   
10. 
    I can not understand whether economic decisions are made by_____________, or by the government of the country.
    

1. 
   Are there any examples of pure capitalism or pure communism in the world today?
   
2. 
   Where are most economic systems grouped now?
   
3. 
   What kind of ownership do you know? Which difference is between them?
   
4. 
   Whicn ownership dominates under capitalism? And in socialism?
   
5. 
   I you make a choice, what economic system would you prefer: a capitalist system or a socialist one with the total public ownership? And why?
   
6. 
   Did any private enterprise exist in the Soviet Union?
   
7. 
   Do the now existing socialist countries have traces of private ovnership?
   
8. 
   What do you know about the socialist experience of Yugoslavia?
   
9. 
   Where are production decisiones made in this country?
   
10. 
    China has achieved much progress in socialist building. How can you explain this phenomenon?
    

1. 
   Многие люди не могут понять, кем и как принимаются экономические решения в нашей стране.
   
2. 
   В мире нет примеров чистого капитализма и чистого коммунизма.
   
3. 
   Если я буду делать выбор, я предпочту экономическую систему, в которой господствует частная собственность, а мой друг сторонник общественной собственности.
   
4. 
   В настоящее время не так легко узнать об истинных причинах кризиса социализма в Советском Союзе.
   
5. 
   В Югославии производственные решения принимаются скорее на предприятии, чем центральным правительством.
   
6. 
   Территория Украины простирается между Польшей и Россией.
   
7. 
   В Советском Союзе наряду с общественной собственностью существовало также частное предпринимательство.
   
8. 
   Во многих европейских странах имеются примеры общественной собственности.
   
9. 
   Опыт социалистического строительства в Китае достоин тщательного изучения.
   
10. 
    Основные вооруженные силы НАТО сгруппированы в центре Европы.
    

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